Can the Two State Solution Succeed? No.

Why clinging to old frameworks may block real progress

For decades, policymakers have debated the two state solution as a path to peace between Israelis and Palestinians. Despite repeated negotiations, the model has failed to produce lasting results.

Focusing exclusively on statehood may obscure other creative approaches that could improve stability, security, and quality of life for both peoples. Understanding the limitations of the traditional framework is the first step toward exploring practical alternatives that reflect realities on the ground.

Why the Two State Solution Keeps Returning

The two state solution continues to resurface in policy discussions, often as a default answer to a complex conflict. Handing over parts of Judea and Samaria without a broader strategy risks creating another Gaza, a territory controlled by hostile groups with little hope for peace.

Policymakers must recognize that simply partitioning land cannot guarantee security or prosperity.

The Myth of a Viable Palestinian State

Michael Oren argues that the two state solution was never truly viable. Palestinian leaders have repeatedly rejected offers for statehood, going back as far as the 1930s.

Evidence suggests that the Palestinian leadership has struggled to sustain effective governance, making a fully independent state unrealistic. Focusing solely on statehood has limited exploration of other solutions that could provide stability and autonomy.

Listen to the One Jewish State podcast interview with Michael Oren

Exploring Alternatives Beyond Partition

Instead of pursuing a failed model, alternative systems such as federal or canton-based frameworks, similar to Switzerland, may offer a path forward.

Under this approach, Palestinian communities like Hebron or Nablus could enjoy local autonomy within a broader federated structure. This would allow coexistence without forcing either side into an all-or-nothing nation-state model.

Ambassador Friedman notes that in the Trump administration’s “Deal of the Century,” conditions were outlined for Palestinians to gain greater autonomy, including protections for human rights, transparent governance, and religious freedom. However, expecting a rapid transformation into a fully democratic society was always unrealistic.

A “Two State Reality” Already Exists

Oren points out that a de facto two state reality is visible on the ground. Palestinian cities along Israel’s Highway 6 already operate with their own flags, governments, and security forces.

These areas are not fully sovereign, but they demonstrate that autonomy and governance structures are possible. Expanding and investing in these systems could provide Palestinians with a more realistic and hopeful future.

Moving Beyond Old Frameworks

Clinging to the traditional two state solution can distract from practical, creative alternatives. That is why the importance of exploring local autonomy and cooperation cannot be stressed enough.

By focusing on structures that allow for security, governance, and community self-determination, both Israelis and Palestinians may find more achievable paths to stability and peace.